1959 - First view of far side of the Moon photographed.

NASA

The Soviet space probe, Luna 3 successfully took the first photographs of the far side of the Moon and relayed them back to Earth. The photographs the previously unseen part of the Moon was vastly different from the front side. The photographs showed mountainous terrain with only two dark 'sea' regions named Mare Moscovrae (Sea of Moscow) and Mare Desiderii (Sea of Desire).

1939 - Harvey Cushing died.

Wikipedia Commons

Crushing was an American neurosurgeon who was the pioneer of modern neurosurgery. He was the first to use x-rays to locate brain tumors, introduced the sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure to the United States, and discovered Chushing's disease. This disease is caused by a malfunction of the pituitary gland.

1939 - Harold Walter Kroto was born.

Ben Mills

Kroto is an English chemist who shares the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Richard E. Smalley and Robert F. Curl, Jr. for the discovery of fullerenes. Fullerenes are a group of carbon allotropes that form spheres, tubes or planes. The spherical fullerene, C60, is called a buckyball or buckminster fullerene. The tubes are called bucky tubes or carbon nanotubes. The planes are called graphene.

1885 - Niels Bohr was born.

Library of Congress

Bohr was a Danish physicist who was awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research involving subject of atomic structure and the radiation emitting from atoms. He developed a theory of the structure of the atom that involved electrons orbiting around a central positively charged nucleus. The chemical properties of atoms would be determined by the number of electrons in the outer orbits. He also proposed electrons could change orbits and electrons moving from high energy orbits to low energy orbits would emit a photon. This was a key theory in the development of quantum mechanics.

1835 - François Magendie died.

Wikimedia Commons

Magendie was a French physician and physiologist who pioneered the field of experimental physiology. He proved and elaborated Charles Bell's observation that the anerior roots of spinal nerves are motor in function, where the posterior roots communicate sensory impulses. He also studied the effects of many drugs on different parts of the body and introduced the use of morphine and strychnine in medical practices.

1822 - Rudolf Leuckart was born.

Leuckart was a German zoologist who was a pioneer in parasitology. He researched tapeworms and trichinosis. He also discovered the tapeworm Taenia saginata only infects cattle and Taenia solium only infects pigs.